В България не е приведена регламентацията за сумираното изчисляване на работното време съгласно международните изисквания. Работното време у нас седмично е 56 часа, а в ЕС максималната разрешена продължителност при сумирано изчисляване е 52 ч.
Това каза вицепрезидентът на КНСБ Тодор Капитанов на дискусионен форум, посветен на последните промени в Кодекса на труда. Дискусията бе организирана съвместно с Фондация Фридрих Еберт България. Капитанов припомни, че измененията са в сила от 1 август тази година, а КНСБ е първата организация, която направи и публикува подробен коментар на новите изисквания. На форума днес те бяха разяснени подробно от него, националния секретар Величка Микова и главния експерт Михаела Тодорова.
КНСБ настоява от години сумираното изчисляване на работното време да се прилага само в производства с непрекъсваем режим на работа. Това изискване произтича от Конвенция №1 и Директива 2003/88/ЕО.
Конфедерацията постави този проблем и като част от започналата вчера национална протестна кампания, посветена на доходите и запазването на работните места в кризата.
Едно от исканията в протестната кампания е прилагането на европейските рамки, с които България е обвързана. Липсва ангажиментът на държавата за правната регламентация на сумираното изчисляване на работното време, посочи Капитанов.
Той разясни, че сред промените в КТ от август е, че при всяко изменение на трудовото правоотношение работодателят е длъжен най-късно до влизането му в сила да предостави на работника или служителя необходимата писмена информация, съдържаща данни за извършените промени. Освен това досега се предвиждаше при сключване на трудов договор изпитателният срок да е до шест месеца. Вече е в сила текст, че ако договорът е за по-малко от една година, срокът на изпитване е до един месец.
Според КТ работодателят е длъжен да осигури на работника или служителя нормални условия за изпълнение на работата по трудовото правоотношение, за която се е уговорил. Новото е, че работодателят трябва да го запознае с вътрешните правила за работната заплата. Работодателят има ангажимент да го запознае с условията и реда за прекратяване на трудовия договор, както и да предоставя информация за осигуряваните обучения, свързани с поддържане и повишаване на професионалната квалификация и подобряване на професионални умения.
Работодателят при сключване на договор вече може да договори с работника или служителя забрана за полагане на труд при втори работодател, поради защита на търговска тайна или предотвратяване на конфликт на интереси. КНСБ многократно настояваше да се даде дефиниция в КТ на търговска тайна и предотвратяване на конфликт на интереси, припомни вицепрезидентът.
Величка Микова разясни какви са новите права за лица, полагащи грижи за членове на техните семейства и новия вид право на обучение за повишаване на квалификацията.
Според последните промени работник или служител, който е родител (осиновител) на дете до 8-годишна възраст, има право писмено да предложи на работодателя изменение за определено време на:
- продължителността и разпределението на работното му време;
- да премине към работа от разстояние;
- други изменения на трудовото правоотношение, които да улеснят съвместяването на трудовите и семейните задължения
Т.нар. отпуск за бащинство пък е за полагане на грижи за деца до 8-годишна възраст и е в размер на два месеца. Може да се ползва наведнъж или на части. Бащата трябва да уведоми работодателя най-малко десет работни дни предварително. Когато няма право на този отпуск, работодателят е длъжен да го уведоми писмено за това в 7-дневен срок, като мотивира отговора си. Какви са изискванията за получаване на обезщетение от бащата при използването на този вид отпуск според Кодекса за социално осигуряване бе разяснено от Михаела Тодорова.
Друга промяна в кодекса е, че работниците или служителите, които полагат грижи за свои роднини поради сериозни медицински причини, имат право да предложат на работодателя изменения в трудовото отношение за определен период от време.
Когато работодателят реши да включи работник и служител в курс за повишаване на неговата квалификация, посветеното на обучението време се отчита като работно време.
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